The Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) is a small and brilliantly-colored bird, measuring only 5.5 inches long and weighing just 0.3 ounces. This bird is named for its vivid red plumage, which is found on the males’ heads, backs, and tails. Females are less showy, with gray-brown upperparts and pale underparts, but they still have the distinctive shape and tail feathers of the species. The birds have a slim, pointed bill that helps them catch insects on the wing, their primary source of food.
In North America, Vermilion Flycatchers are found in the southern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Some populations are resident year-round in these areas, while others migrate to South America for the winter months. During migration, they can be found in parts of South America, as far south as Argentina. In the southern United States, they are typically present from March to October.
One of the distinguishing field marks of the Vermilion Flycatcher is their habit of perching in the open on high perches, such as fence posts or dead trees, from which they dart out to catch insects. Their bright red plumage makes them easy to spot in flight, and their undulating flight is also characteristic. In addition, males perform a courtship display in which they spread their wings and tails and sing, showing off their bright red feathers to potential mates.
Despite their striking appearance, Vermilion Flycatchers are declining in many parts of their range due to habitat loss and fragmentation. They require open grasslands and savannas with scattered trees for nesting and foraging, and these habitats are increasingly being converted to agriculture or urban areas. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore the habitats needed by this beautiful bird.