The Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) is a large waterfowl species native to North America. They are known for their distinctive black head and neck, white cheeks, and brownish-gray body with a long black neck. Adults can reach a length of up to 43 inches and have a wingspan of up to 6 feet. They typically weigh between 6 and 14 pounds, with males being larger than females. Juveniles have a similar appearance to adults, but their plumage is less distinct.
One of the most distinguishing field marks of the Canada Goose is its honking call. They are often heard before they are seen, and their loud, resonant honks can carry over long distances. Another distinguishing feature is the white chinstrap that runs from ear to ear across the throat. This chinstrap is absent in some subspecies and is more prominent in others. Additionally, the Canada Goose has a short, black bill and webbed feet adapted for swimming and diving.
Canada Geese are migratory birds that breed in northern regions of North America and migrate south for the winter. They typically start their migration in late August or early September and return to their breeding grounds in late February or early March. During the migration, they form large flocks and can cover up to 1,500 miles in a single day. Some populations of Canada Geese have become resident, meaning they no longer migrate, and can be found year-round in urban and suburban areas.
Canada Geese are herbivorous and feed primarily on grasses, sedges, and aquatic plants. They are also known to feed on crops such as corn and wheat, which has led to conflicts with farmers. Despite their size, Canada Geese are powerful fliers and can reach speeds of up to 45 miles per hour. They are also highly adaptable and can thrive in a variety of habitats, including lakes, rivers, and fields.
Overall, the Canada Goose is an iconic and recognizable species of waterfowl. Their distinctive appearance, loud calls, and impressive size make them a favorite among birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. Their annual migration is also a remarkable feat of endurance and adaptation, as they travel thousands of miles each year to breed and feed.