The Northern Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula) is a medium-sized owl species that inhabits the boreal forests of North America and Eurasia. Adults typically measure between 14 and 17 inches in length and weigh between 7 and 14 ounces, making them relatively large among the owl species.

Distinguishing field marks of the Northern Hawk Owl include its distinctive appearance and behavior. Unlike many other owls, it has a long, narrow body with a relatively long tail and short, rounded wings. Its plumage is characterized by mottled brown and white patterns, providing excellent camouflage against the tree bark in its forest habitat. Its facial disk is not as pronounced as in other owl species.

The Northern Hawk Owl is aptly named for its hunting behavior, which resembles that of a hawk more than a typical owl. It is diurnal, meaning it is active during the day, and often perches prominently on treetops or utility poles, scanning its surroundings for prey. Its hunting technique involves swooping down from elevated perches to catch small mammals, birds, and insects.

Northern Hawk Owls are considered partially migratory, with some individuals moving southward from their breeding grounds in northern latitudes during harsh winters in search of food. However, their migratory patterns can vary widely depending on local conditions and food availability. Some populations may also undertake longer-distance migrations in response to cyclic fluctuations in prey populations.

Breeding populations of Northern Hawk Owls are primarily found in the boreal forests of North America and Eurasia, where they nest in tree cavities or abandoned nests of other birds. They are known for their low reproductive rates, typically laying 3 to 7 eggs per clutch. Like many owl species, they exhibit high levels of parental care, with both parents participating in incubating the eggs and raising the young.

Despite being widespread across their range, Northern Hawk Owls face threats from habitat loss, forest fragmentation, and declines in prey populations. Conservation efforts focused on preserving their forest habitats and maintaining healthy prey populations are essential for ensuring the long-term survival of this fascinating owl species.