The Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri) is a small passerine bird found in the western United States and parts of Mexico. This sparrow typically measures around 4.5 to 5 inches in length, with a wingspan averaging about 7.5 inches. In terms of weight, Brewer’s Sparrows generally weigh between 0.3 to 0.4 ounces.

Distinguishing field marks of the Brewer’s Sparrow include a plain grayish-brown plumage with subtle streaking on the back and sides. They have a relatively small bill and a pale eye ring. Their underparts are generally lighter in color, often with a buffy or whitish hue. In flight, their wings display two distinct white wing bars, and their tail feathers are relatively long and notched.

During migration, Brewer’s Sparrows undertake seasonal movements, with populations breeding in the western United States and migrating southward to Mexico and parts of Central America for the winter. Migration timing can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions and food availability, but generally, these sparrows can be observed migrating in the spring and fall.

Brewer’s Sparrows are typically found in arid and semi-arid habitats such as sagebrush flats, grasslands, and scrubby areas. They are often seen foraging on the ground for seeds and insects, using their delicate bills to pick through vegetation and their agile feet to hop among the grasses and shrubs. Their subtle coloration and tendency to stay low in dense cover can make them inconspicuous despite their distinctive markings.

Conservation efforts for Brewer’s Sparrows often focus on preserving their preferred habitat types, especially the sagebrush ecosystems that are vital for breeding and nesting. Habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as threats such as invasive species and climate change, pose significant challenges to the long-term survival of this species. Continued research and conservation actions are essential to ensure the protection of Brewer’s Sparrows and their habitats throughout their range.